The “if-else” statement is a control structure in many programming languages, including C. It allows you to perform different actions based on a condition. Here’s the basic syntax of the “if-else” statement in C:
if (condition) {
// code to execute if the condition is true
} else {
// code to execute if the condition is false
}
The condition is typically an expression that evaluates to either true or false. If the condition is true, the code block inside the if statement is executed. If the condition is false, the code block inside the else statement is executed (if provided).
Here’s an example to demonstrate the usage of “if-else” statement in C:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
if (number > 0) {
printf("The number is positive.\n");
} else if (number < 0) {
printf("The number is negative.\n");
} else {
printf("The number is zero.\n");
}
return 0;
}
In this example, the user is prompted to enter a number. The program then checks whether the number is positive, negative, or zero using the if-else statement. The appropriate message is printed based on the result.
Remember to use curly braces {} to define the code block associated with each if or else statement, especially when there are multiple statements to execute.
If Statement:
The “if” statement is a fundamental control structure in programming languages, including C. It allows you to conditionally execute a block of code based on a specified condition. Here’s the basic syntax of the “if” statement in C:
if (condition) {
// code to execute if the condition is true
}
The condition is an expression that evaluates to either true or false. If the condition is true, the code block inside the “if” statement is executed. If the condition is false, the code block is skipped, and the program moves on to the next statement after the “if” block.
Here’s an example to demonstrate the usage of the “if” statement in C:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
if (number > 0) {
printf("The number is positive.\n");
}
return 0;
}
In this example, the user is prompted to enter a number. The program then checks whether the number is greater than zero using the “if” statement. If the condition is true, the program prints the message “The number is positive.”
It’s important to note that the curly braces {} are not required if there is only one statement following the “if” statement. However, it is good practice to use them anyway to avoid potential errors and to make the code more readable.
You can also use logical operators like && (and) and || (or) to combine multiple conditions within the “if” statement.
if (condition1 && condition2) {
// code to execute if both condition1 and condition2 are true
}
if (condition1 || condition2) {
// code to execute if either condition1 or condition2 is true
}
Using “if” statements allows you to create branching logic in your program and make decisions based on different conditions.
Program to find the largest number of the three:
Sure! Here’s a C program that prompts the user to enter three numbers and then finds and prints the largest number among them:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num1, num2, num3;
printf("Enter three numbers: ");
scanf("%d %d %d", &num1, &num2, &num3);
if (num1 >= num2 && num1 >= num3) {
printf("The largest number is: %d\n", num1);
}
else if (num2 >= num1 && num2 >= num3) {
printf("The largest number is: %d\n", num2);
}
else {
printf("The largest number is: %d\n", num3);
}
return 0;
}
In this program, we declare three variables num1, num2, and num3 to store the three numbers entered by the user. Then we use a series of “if” and “else if” statements to compare the numbers and determine the largest one.
The program uses the following logic to find the largest number:
- If
num1is greater than or equal to bothnum2andnum3, thennum1is the largest. - If
num2is greater than or equal to bothnum1andnum3, thennum2is the largest. - If none of the above conditions are true, then
num3must be the largest.
Finally, the program prints the largest number to the console.
You can compile and run this program, and it will ask you to enter three numbers. After you provide the input, it will display the largest number among them.
If-else Statement:
Certainly! The “if-else” statement is a conditional control structure in C that allows you to execute different blocks of code based on a condition. Here’s the basic syntax:
if (condition) {
// code to execute if the condition is true
} else {
// code to execute if the condition is false
}
The “condition” is an expression that evaluates to either true or false. If the condition is true, the code block within the “if” statement is executed. If the condition is false, the code block within the “else” statement is executed instead.
Here’s an example that demonstrates the usage of the “if-else” statement:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &number);
if (number % 2 == 0) {
printf("The number is even.\n");
} else {
printf("The number is odd.\n");
}
return 0;
}
In this example, the program prompts the user to enter a number. It then checks whether the number is even or odd using the modulus operator %. If the number is divisible by 2 (i.e., the remainder is 0), the condition is true, and it prints “The number is even.” Otherwise, if the condition is false, it executes the code block within the “else” statement and prints “The number is odd.”
The “if-else” statement can also be nested within another “if” or “else” block to create more complex branching logic.
Remember to use curly braces {} to define the code block associated with each “if” or “else” statement, especially when there are multiple statements to execute.
Flowchart of the if-else statement in C:
Certainly! Here’s a textual representation of a flowchart for an “if-else” statement in C:
Start
|
V
+------------+
| |
| Condition |
| |
+-----+------+
|
V
+-----+
| |
| True |
| |
+-----+
|
V
Action1
|
V
+-------+
| |
| End |
| |
+-------+
|
V
+-----------+
| |
| Default |
| |
+-----+-----+
|
V
+-----+
| |
| True |
| |
+-----+
|
V
Action2
|
V
+-------+
| |
| End |
| |
+-------+
In this flowchart representation, the condition is represented by a decision diamond, and the corresponding action or code block is represented by a rectangular box. The flow follows the path based on the evaluation of the condition. If the condition is true, it executes the corresponding action and then reaches the end. If the condition is false, it follows the default path and executes the default action, reaching the end afterward.
Again, please note that this is a textual representation and may not be as visually intuitive as an actual graphical flowchart. You can use flowchart creation tools or diagramming software to create a visual flowchart for the “if-else” statement based on the provided logic.
Program to check whether a person is eligible to vote or not:
Certainly! Here’s a C program that checks whether a person is eligible to vote based on their age:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int age;
printf("Enter your age: ");
scanf("%d", &age);
if (age >= 18) {
printf("You are eligible to vote.\n");
} else {
printf("You are not eligible to vote.\n");
}
return 0;
}
In this program, the user is prompted to enter their age. The program then uses an “if-else” statement to check if the age is greater than or equal to 18, the legal voting age in many countries. If the condition is true, the program prints “You are eligible to vote.” If the condition is false, it executes the code block within the “else” statement and prints “You are not eligible to vote.”
You can compile and run this program, and it will ask you to enter your age. After you provide the input, it will display whether you are eligible to vote or not based on the age you entered.
If else-if ladder Statement:
The “if-else-if” ladder statement is a series of “if” and “else-if” statements chained together to perform multiple conditional checks. It allows you to handle multiple conditions sequentially and execute the corresponding code block for the first condition that evaluates to true. Here’s the basic syntax:
if (condition1) {
// code to execute if condition1 is true
} else if (condition2) {
// code to execute if condition1 is false and condition2 is true
} else if (condition3) {
// code to execute if condition1 and condition2 are false, and condition3 is true
} else {
// code to execute if all conditions are false
}
The conditions are evaluated in order from top to bottom. If a condition is true, the corresponding code block is executed, and the rest of the ladder is skipped. If none of the conditions are true, the code block within the “else” statement (if provided) is executed.
Here’s an example that demonstrates the usage of the “if-else-if” ladder:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int score;
printf("Enter your score: ");
scanf("%d", &score);
if (score >= 90) {
printf("Your grade is A.\n");
} else if (score >= 80) {
printf("Your grade is B.\n");
} else if (score >= 70) {
printf("Your grade is C.\n");
} else if (score >= 60) {
printf("Your grade is D.\n");
} else {
printf("Your grade is F.\n");
}
return 0;
}
In this example, the program prompts the user to enter their score. It then uses an “if-else-if” ladder to check the score against multiple conditions and determine the corresponding grade. The ladder starts with the highest score range and goes down to the lowest. The first condition that evaluates to true determines the grade, and the corresponding message is printed.
You can compile and run this program, enter a score, and it will display the corresponding grade based on the score entered.
Flowchart of else-if ladder statement in C:
Unfortunately, as a text-based AI model, I cannot directly create or display images such as flowcharts. However, I can provide you with a textual representation of a flowchart for an “else-if” ladder statement in C:
Start
|
V
+------------+
| |
| Condition1 |
| |
+-----+------+
|
V
+-----+
| |
| True |
| |
+-----+
|
V
Action1
|
V
+-------+
| |
| End |
| |
+-------+
|
V
+-----------+
| |
| Condition2|
| |
+-----+-----+
|
V
+-----+
| |
| True |
| |
+-----+
|
V
Action2
|
V
+-------+
| |
| End |
| |
+-------+
|
V
+-----------+
| |
| Condition3|
| |
+-----+-----+
|
V
+-----+
| |
| True |
| |
+-----+
|
V
Action3
|
V
+-------+
| |
| End |
| |
+-------+
|
V
+-----------+
| |
| Default |
| |
+-----+-----+
|
V
+-----+
| |
| True |
| |
+-----+
|
V
Action4
|
V
+-------+
| |
| End |
| |
+-------+
In this flowchart representation, each condition is represented by a decision diamond, and the corresponding action or code block is represented by a rectangular box. The flow follows the path based on the evaluation of the conditions, and it reaches the corresponding action based on the first condition that evaluates to true.
Please note that this is a textual representation and may not be as visually intuitive as an actual graphical flowchart. If you prefer a visual representation, you can use flowchart creation tools or diagramming software to create an “else-if” ladder flowchart based on the provided logic.
Program to calculate the grade of the student according to the specified marks:
Certainly! Here’s a C program that calculates the grade of a student based on the specified marks:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int marks;
printf("Enter the marks: ");
scanf("%d", &marks);
if (marks >= 90 && marks <= 100) {
printf("Grade: A\n");
} else if (marks >= 80 && marks < 90) {
printf("Grade: B\n");
} else if (marks >= 70 && marks < 80) {
printf("Grade: C\n");
} else if (marks >= 60 && marks < 70) {
printf("Grade: D\n");
} else if (marks >= 0 && marks < 60) {
printf("Grade: F\n");
} else {
printf("Invalid marks entered.\n");
}
return 0;
}
In this program, the user is prompted to enter the marks obtained by the student. The program then uses an “if-else-if” ladder to check the marks against multiple conditions and determine the corresponding grade. The ladder consists of different ranges of marks, and based on where the entered marks fall, the program assigns the appropriate grade.
For example, if the marks are between 90 and 100 (inclusive), the grade assigned is “A”. If the marks are between 80 and 89, the grade assigned is “B”, and so on.
If the entered marks do not fall within any of the specified ranges, the program prints “Invalid marks entered.”
You can compile and run this program, enter the marks, and it will display the corresponding grade based on the entered marks.