# HAVING clause in Oracle

ORACLE HAVING
Oracle HAVING clause is used with the Oracle GROUP BY Clause, however, it does not have a mandatory existence but still is important enough, as it is used to return the groups of rows only when the condition is TRUE.

Syntax: To group the rows by values in multiple columns.

SELECT expressions
FROM table_name
GROUP BY columns
HAVING having_conditions;


Parameters:
expressions: It is used to specify the columns or calculations to be retrieved.
table_name: It is used to specify the name of the table from which you want to retrieve the records.
columns: It is used to specify the list of columns to be grouped.
having_conditions: It is used to specify the conditions that are applicable only to the result obtained after the successful execution of the GROUP BY command, to restrict the groups of returned rows.

Example:
Students Table:

 ID NAME AGE 1 Joy 10 2 Smiley 13 3 Happy 11 4 Tom 13 5 Jerry 10

Query:

SELECT age FROM students GROUP BY age HAVING age &gt; 10;

Output:

AGE
13
11


Explanation:
The ‘students’ is an already existing table. Here we are using the Group By clause to find unique student ages from the ‘students’ table with a restriction of having age greater than 10.

Syntax: Oracle GROUP BY with WHERE clause.

SELECT expressions
FROM table_name
WHERE conditions
GROUP BY columns
HAVING having_conditions;


Parameters:
conditions: It is used to specify the conditions to be strictly followed for selection.

Example:
Students Table:

 ID NAME AGE 1 Joy 10 2 Smiley 12 3 Happy 11 4 Tom 13 5 Jerry 10

Query:

SELECT age FROM students WHERE id &gt; 2 GROUP BY age HAVING age &gt; 10;

Output:

AGE
11
13


Explanation:
The ‘students’ is an already existing table. Here we are using the Group By clause to find unique student ages from the ‘students’ table, but with a condition that id must be greater than 2 and with a restriction of having age greater than 10.

Syntax: Oracle GROUP BY with ROLLUP.

SELECT expressions
FROM table_name
GROUP BY ROLLUP (column_1, column_2, .., column_n)
HAVING having_conditions;


Parameters:
ROLLUP: It is used to specify multiple levels of grouping. These multiple levels of grouping are computed at once.
columns: It is used to specify the list of columns to be grouped.

Example:
Students Table:

 ID NAME AGE 1 Joy 10 2 Smiley 13 3 Happy 11 4 Tom 13 5 Jerry 10

Query:

SELECT name, age FROM students GROUP BY ROLLUP (name, age) HAVING age &gt; 10;

Output:

 NAME AGE Joy 13 Joy 11 Smiley 13 Smiley 11 Happy 13 Happy 11 James 13 James 11 Bond 13 Bond 11

Explanation:
The ‘students’ is an already existing table. Here we are using the Group By clause to find unique student names and ages from the ‘students’ table, but with multiple levels of grouping, and with the restriction of having age greater than 10.

Syntax: Oracle GROUP BY with an aggregate function.

SELECT expressions, aggregate_function (aggregate_expression)
FROM table_name
WHERE conditions
GROUP BY columns
HAVING having_conditions;


Parameters:
Aggregate_function: It is used to specify the aggregate functions. Some of the aggregate functions are SUM, COUNT, MIN, MAX and AVG.
Aggregate_expression: It is used to specify the column or expression to be utilised by the aggregate function.

Example 1: Oracle GROUP BY with COUNT function
Students Table:

 ID NAME AGE 1 Joy 10 2 Smiley 13 3 Happy 11 4 James 13 5 Bond 10 6 Jerry 13 7 Tom 12 8 Brutus 12

Query:

SELECT age, COUNT(*) AS “Number of Students” FROM students GROUP BY age HAVING COUNT(*) &gt; 1;

Output:

 AGE Number of Students 10 2 13 3 12 2

Explanation:
The ‘students’ is an already existing table. Here we are using the Group By clause with an aggregate function COUNT to count the number of students of the same age group, and with the restriction of having count greater than 1.

Example 2: Oracle GROUP BY with SUM function
Students Table:

 ID NAME MARKS AGE 1 Joy 90 10 2 Smiley 100 13 3 Happy 80 11 4 James 85 13 5 Bond 70 10 6 Jerry 100 13 7 Tom 99 12 8 Brutus 60 12

Query:

SELECT age, SUM(marks) AS “Total Marks” FROM students GROUP BY age HAVING SUM(marks) &gt; 100 ORDER BY age;

Output:

 AGE Total Marks 10 160 12 159 13 285

Explanation:
The ‘students’ is an already existing table. Here we are using the Group By clause with an aggregate function SUM in order to sum up the marks of the students of the same age group, and with the restriction of having sum of marks greater than 100.